After a heart attack, the risk is greater than heart attack – Medical News

University of Leeds

A new study shows that a heart attack significantly increases the risk of developing other serious long-term diseases.

Researchers from the University of Leeds analyzed more than 145 million records covering every adult patient admitted to hospital over a nine-year period to establish the risk of long-term health consequences after a heart attack.

Although heart attacks are a serious and life-threatening condition, the British Heart Foundation estimates that more than seven in 10 people today survive if they receive quick and urgent treatment to restore circulation to the heart muscle.

However, previous research has shown that heart attacks can have health consequences for patients, including other conditions affecting the heart and circulatory system, as well as conditions affecting other parts of the body and mental conditions.

A new study shows that patients who had a heart attack developed more diseases, and at a much higher rate, than people of the same age and gender who did not have one.

Over the nine-year study period, up to a third of patients developed heart or kidney failure, 7% had new heart attacks, and 38% died from any cause.

Heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, peripheral artery disease, heavy bleeding, kidney failure, type 2 diabetes and depression were more common in people who had a heart attack compared to those who did not, but there was an increased risk of cancer. was lower overall, and the risk of dementia was generally no different.

The study also found that people from most disadvantaged socio-economic conditions They are more likely to die or have serious long-term health problems after a heart attack. In particular, people from poorer backgrounds were more likely to develop heart and kidney failure than people of the same age from less deprived backgrounds.

Lead author Dr Marlos Hall, Associate Professor in Cardiovascular Epidemiology at Leeds Medical School and Multimorbidity Research at the Leeds Institute for Data Analytics (LIDA), said: “In the UK, around 1.4 million people who have had a heart attack are at high risk. development of further serious diseases.”

“Our study provides accessible online information about the risk of these health outcomes for specific age, sex and socioeconomic groups so that heart attack survivors can be well informed about their future risks to help them make informed health care decisions . with your doctor.”

“Effective communication between patients and health care providers about the likely course of the disease and the risk of long-term adverse outcomes can promote positive lifestyle changes, encourage patients to adhere to treatment, and improve patient understanding and quality of life.

“Our study highlights the need to review individual care plans to take into account the increased demand for care caused by survivors.”

The researchers analyzed the records of all people aged 18 or over who were admitted to one of 229 NHS trusts in England between 1 January 2008 and 31 January 2017. This amounted to 145,912,852 hospitalizations for 34,116,257 people. There were 433,361 reports of people having their first heart attack. The average age of heart attack patients was 67 years, and 66% of patients were men.

The study looked at 11 nonfatal health outcomes, detailed below, in addition to death from any cause, and compared the results to a control group of 2,001,310 people.

Health implications

The study found a significantly increased risk of developing certain diseases after a heart attack compared to a control group of patients.

Most likely it was heart failureas 29.6 percent of the study group developed the disease within nine years of the heart attack, compared with 9.8 percent of the control group over the same time period.

renal failure it developed in 27.2% of patients in the main group compared to 19.8% in the control group.

About 22.3% of the study group developed atrial fibrillationcompared to 16.8% in the control group.

New hospitalizations were observed in diabetes in 17% of the main group compared to 14.3% in the control group.

Other conditions were:

• Heavy bleeding. Study group: 19%; Control group: 18.4%
  
• Cerebrovascular diseases: study group: 12.5%; Control group: 11.6%
  
• Peripheral arterial diseases. Study group: 6.5%; Control group: 4.06%
  
• Death from any cause – Study group: 37.8%; Control group: 35.3%

Continuous adjusted absolute risk of kidney failure, diabetes mellitus, dementia, depression and cancer after myocardial infarction compared with controls in England. Calculated according to a standardized CIF treating death without outcome as a competing risk, adjusted for non-linear age using restricted cubic splines, sex, calendar year and deprivation score, and a time-dependent effect for MI compared with matched controls. Full CIFs and CIs by time point are presented in Table S5, and sensitivity analyzes in which follow-up was limited to starting at least 2 months after study entry are presented in Figure S2 and Table S6. Risk figures at 1, 5 and 9 years of follow-up are presented in Table S7. b Individuals were matched by year of age, sex, month and year of admission, and NHS Trust criteria using a 5:1 risk set matching approach. It includes all types of cancer (ICD10 codes C00–C97), that is, this category is not limited to the sum of breast, prostate, lung and colorectal cancer. CI: confidence interval; CIF: cumulative incidence function; ICD, International Classification of Diseases; MI: myocardial infarction; NHS, National Health Service.

Overall, hospitalization records indicate that depression It occurred in 8.9% of people after a heart attack, which was 6% more likely to occur after a heart attack than in the control group. Women are more likely to develop depression after a heart attack than men, especially those who have a heart attack at a younger age. 21.5% of women who were under 40 years of age at the time of their heart attack had a history of being hospitalized for depression, compared with 11.5% of men in the same age category.