The College of Dentistry and Dentistry of Alicante (COEA) explains the causes, consequences and prevention strategies of oral candidiasis.

oral candidiasisalso known as thrush or canker sore, is a common fungal infection caused by overgrowth of fungus. fungal microorganisms albicans in the mouth. Certain microorganisms commonly live in our bodies, including bacteria and fungi. While most are harmless, some may cause infection under certain conditions. According to the College of Dentists and Dentistry of Alicante (COEA), oral candidiasis occurs in children and adults. when conditions allow abnormal growth (proliferation) of the fungus Candida Albicans in the mouth.

Under normal conditions, the immune system works to expel harmful invading organisms such as viruses, bacteria and fungi to maintain a balance between the “good” and “bad” microbes that inhabit our bodies. However, sometimes this protective mechanism fails, which leads to the proliferation of Candida fungus and the development of oral candidiasis.

Causes of oral thrush:

• Immunosuppression: A weakened immune system is one of the main causes of oral thrush. People who have had a transplant, have HIV/AIDS, have uncontrolled diabetes, or have received treatments that suppress the immune system, such as chemotherapy, are more likely to develop this infection. Babies and older adults are also more likely to develop thrush due to decreased immunity.
• Use of antibiotics: Long-term use of antibiotics can change the normal balance of bacterial flora in the mouth, leading to uncontrolled growth of the fungus Candida albicans. Other medications, such as prednisolone or inhaled corticosteroids, can also change the natural balance of microorganisms in the body and therefore increase the risk of oral thrush.
• Use of inhalers: Patients with respiratory problems who use inhalers may often develop oral thrush because inhaled steroids can promote the growth of fungus in the mouth.
• Dentures. Those who wear dentures, especially upper dentures, should pay special attention to oral hygiene, as dentures can accumulate food debris and promote fungal growth.

Symptoms of oral candidiasis

• White spots in the mouth: The most common manifestation of oral thrush is white, creamy patches that appear on the tongue, roof of the mouth, and gums. They can also appear on the inside of the cheeks and sometimes on the roof of the mouth or tonsils. These spots can be painful and bleed easily when scratched.
• Difficulty swallowing: In more severe cases, oral thrush can cause discomfort when swallowing, accompanied by a burning sensation and dry mouth. Redness or inflammation may also make it difficult to eat.
• Loss of taste: A fungal infection can attack the taste buds, leading to partial or complete loss of taste.
• Cracks and redness in the corners of the mouthOther symptoms may include a cottony sensation in the mouth.
• Secondary infections: In people with weakened immune systems, oral thrush can spread to other parts of the body, causing more serious infections.

Ways to prevent oral thrush

• Maintenance oral hygiene: Brushing your teeth twice a day and flossing regularly is critical to preventing the buildup of bacteria and fungi in your mouth. Also rinse, especially in patients using a corticosteroid inhaler.
• Control your denture: Take it off at night. Make sure your dentures fit correctly and are not causing irritation. Clean your dentures daily and follow your dentist’s instructions to ensure proper hygiene.
• Control of major diseases: Controlling diseases such as diabetes and HIV/AIDS helps strengthen the immune system, reducing the risk of oral thrush.
• Wise use of antibiotics: Only taking antibiotics as prescribed by a doctor and undergoing a course of treatment will help avoid an imbalance of the bacterial flora.
• Pay attention to what you eat: Limit your consumption of foods containing sugar. They can stimulate the growth of Candida.
• Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption: Tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption can weaken the immune system and increase the risk of infections, including oral thrush.
• Consult your dentist regularly, especially if you have diabetes or wear dentures.

In conclusion, we note that oral candidiasis is a disease that, although common, is This can be avoided by adopting healthy oral hygiene habits and controlling risk factors. underlying. Maintaining a strong immune system and following the instructions of your healthcare professional, in this case your dentist or dentist, are key steps to prevent this fungal infection and improve your overall oral health.