the importance of early diagnosis

In Spain, almost 6% of minors and adolescents and about 3% adults According to the Spanish Federation of ADHD Associations (FEAADAH), they have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, many experts agree that the real figure may be much higher, especially among adults, in whom the disorder often goes undetected until difficulties begin to appear. in a work environment.

For years, labels like “it’s not appropriate for school” were the easy answer to academic problems, but today, with access to more information and families’ growing interest in their children’s well-being, childhood diagnosis is becoming much more challenging. more common than three or four decades ago. However, the reality of ADHD remains complex and affects a large portion of the population.

Manuel Antonio Fernandezbetter known as a neuropediatrician specializing in neurodevelopmental disorders, confirms that ADHD is a neurological disorder that profoundly affects self-control mechanisms. “Classically we talk about three main symptoms: attention deficit, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity,” he explains. However, he adds that the current vision needs to be expanded, viewing the central axis as a change self-control which also influence emotions and sensory responses. These changes, in addition to affecting academic performance, give rise to learning difficulties. social interactionbehavior and self-esteem.

Diagnostic task

One of the major barriers to treating ADHD is diagnosis. “Given the variety of symptoms, this disorder can easily be confused with other neurodevelopmental problems such as communication disorders or even anxiety and depression,” says Dr. Fernandez. Symptoms can vary in intensity, and in many cases the disorder goes undetected until adulthood.

Early identification of ADHD is crucial to improve the quality of life of those affected. According to Fernandez, reliable diagnosis It can be done from the age of six, although in some cases it can be accurately determined from the age of three. This diagnosis must be made specialized professionalideally a neuropediatrician, and rely on neuropsychological tools such as virtual reality to provide objective information.

Differences between boys and girls

ADHD manifests differently in boys and girls, which can make it even more difficult to identify. Fernandez emphasizes that although children tend to exhibit more physical and behavioral symptomsIn girls, the disorder usually manifests itself more emotionally. “Hyperactivity in boys is usually physical in nature, but in girls it can be more cognitive and verbal,” he says. These differences in symptoms may result in girls being diagnosed less frequently because their behavior is not always seen as disruptive.

Multimodal treatment: beyond drugs

ADHD treatment This is a complex process that must be tailored to the individual needs of each patient. Fernandez emphasizes that the recommended treatment is so-called “multimodal,” combining different therapeutic tools. “Pharmacological treatment is only one of these tools, but it is very effective, achieving a 70% success rate in most cases,” says the expert. He adds that this treatment can produce significant changes in a few days and is safe even for people of all ages.

However, drug treatment should not be considered the only solution. “ADHD is like a bucket with a hole in it, and medications are the plug. It has to be the right shape and size, but it’s a decision,” Fernandez compares. The medicine must be the right type and dose for each case, but according to this doctor, this is an excellent remedy. therapeutic tool. Moreover, early intervention, both behavioral and emotional, can change a life full of difficulties from a fulfilling and successful life.

Social impact

One of the most difficult aspects for people with ADHD is the negative perception of themselves. “They often have to work harder than others to get the same results, which creates frustration and uncertainty,” Fernandez says. This accumulation of negative emotions can lead to self-esteem problems, anxiety and irritability, seriously affecting their lives. social and personal relationships. In fact, many children with ADHD become victims of bullying because they have difficulty fitting in socially.

The Future of ADHD: Can It Be Overcome?

Fernandez assures that with appropriate treatment, a person with ADHD can lead a completely normal life and even “overcome” the disorder. “I have seen cases where, after many years of treatment, patients have achieved great success in their studies and professional lives,” he says. The expert insists that ADHD is not a death sentence, but a condition that can be successfully managed.

In short, ADHD continues to be a complex and in many cases misunderstood disorder, with advances in its diagnosis and treatment, and growing interest among families. well-being of your childrenThe future for those who suffer from it is increasingly promising. “There is a lot to do, but we are on the right track,” concludes Fernandez.