| Content |
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| ● Introduction (see). ● Dengue, Zika and chikungunya (see). ● Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya in Spain in 2023 (see) | Notifications of suspected and confirmed cases of dengue, Zika and chikungunya (see) | Notifications of suspected dengue and chikungunya fever by age group and gender (see) | Notifications of suspected cases of dengue, Zika and chikungunya are sent by autonomous communities (see). ● Concluding comments (see). ● Additional information on this site (see) | Bibliographical references and recommended references (see). |
| In a nutshell |
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| ● Summarizes data on dengue, Zika and chikungunya cases in Spain in 2023, published by the National Epidemiological Center. ● In Spain, the vast majority of cases are imported, but due to the stable presence Ae. albopictus in different regions (and Ae. Egypt in the Canary Islands) local transmission is possible. ● After the shutdown caused by the Covid pandemic, 2022 has seen an increase in cases. In 2023, there were 398 confirmed cases of dengue (615 suspected cases), 6 cases of Zika (24 suspected cases) and 82 cases of chikungunya (191 suspected cases). ● Only three cases of local transmission of indigenous dengue fever have been confirmed. ● Although there have been cases of dengue and chikungunya in children under 15 years of age, most of them occurred in women aged 25 to 54 years. ● The communities most affected by dengue fever were (in order of frequency of notifications): Catalonia, Navarre, Madrid, Basque Country and Canary Islands. For chikungunya: Madrid, Catalonia, Basque Country, Asturias and Com. Valencian. ● The presence of cases of viremia in places and during periods of activity of the mosquito vector makes autochthonous transmission possible. It is expected that new cases of disease transmission by local vectors will be identified in subsequent seasons. |
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Not in the online epidemiological bulletin. 21, corresponding to weeks 19 and 20 of 2024, the publication of reports concerning dengue, Zika and chikungunya in Spain with data for 2023 was announced. This note provides an overview of data published by the National Centre. Epidemiology (CNE; Carlos III Institute of Health).
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Dengue and Zika viruses are Orthoflavivirus and chikungunya is Alphavirus which are transmitted through mosquito bites Aedes (Ae. albopictus in our environment) and can cause disease in humans.
The case of dengue is special as it is the arbovirus with the highest incidence and impact in the world. According to WHO, by December 2023, there will be more than 5 million cases of the disease and more than 5,000 deaths from the disease worldwide, 80% of them in the Americas. However, it should be noted that official data underestimates the reality, since many infections occur with no or few and nonspecific symptoms and are not mandatory for reporting in many countries.
A few days ago, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO, PAHO/WHO, 24 May 2024) warned about the situation with dengue fever in the Americas: the number of cases in 2024 has tripled compared to the same period in 2023 already reported more than 8 million and more than 3,600 deaths, especially in Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, Peru, Colombia and Mexico.
In Spain, as expected, the vast majority of cases are imported, but due to the stable presence Ae. albopictus in different regions (and Ae. Egypt in the Canary Islands), local transmission is possible and has already occurred. In 2023, 3 cases of local transmission were reported in Catalonia. At the end of 2022, Ibiza had one confirmed case and a further 5 probable cases.
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Below is some data on these diseases recently published by the National Center of Epidemiology (CNE).
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Notifications of suspected and confirmed cases of dengue, Zika and chikungunya
In 2023, there were 398 confirmed cases of dengue (615 suspected cases), 6 cases of Zika (24 suspected cases) and 82 cases of chikungunya (191 suspected cases). The remaining characteristics of these cases are given in the attached table.
| Dengue, Zika and Chikungunya case notifications in Spain, 2023. | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dengue | Zika | Chikungunya | ||
| Notifications (confirmed; %) | 615 (398; 64.7%) | 24 (6; 25%) | 191 (82; 41.9·%) | |
| root cases | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Period of the year (most common month) | July to October: 59.3·% (September) | June to September: 50.1·% | January to May: 74.3·% (February) | |
| Imported cases | Male/female relationships | 1/0.75 | 1/1.3 | 1/2.9 |
| Age range (median) | 0–83 years (median: 35) | 19–47 years (median: 33) | 1–71 years (median: 43) | |
| Known site of infection | 99.5% | – | 70.2·% | |
| Region (and country) of most common origin | Latin America 67.1·% (Cuba, Dominican Republic) | America 45.8·% and Asia/Oceania 45.8·% (Maldives, Thailand) | Latin America: 79.6·% (Paraguay) | |
| Reasons for traveling | Tourism 53.4%; in Latin America: visits to family | Tourism | Visit to relatives | |
| Cases of viremia in areas with Ae. albopictus established | 54.7% | 75% | 27.3% | |
| Hospitalization | 33.7% (highest in 64 years) | 1 case | 7% | |
| Serious illness (death) | 4 (0) | 1(0) | 2(0) | |
| Source: National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Public Health, May 2024. | ||||
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Notifications of suspected cases of dengue and chikungunya by age group and sex
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Notifications of suspected cases of dengue, Zika and chikungunya sent by autonomous communities
| Notifications of suspected cases of dengue, Zika and chikungunya in Spain in 2022 and 2023, according to CC. AA. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dengue | Zika | Chikungunya | ||||
| 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | 2022 | 2023 | |
| Andalusia | 26 | 47 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 32 |
| Aragon | 7 | 6 | 1 | |||
| Asturias | 1 | 12 | 5 | |||
| Balearic Islands | 9 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Canary Islands | 32 | 29 | 3 | |||
| Cantabria | 6 | 5 | 2 | |||
| Castile and Leon | fifteen | 13 | 3 | |||
| Castilla la Mancha | 2 | 6 | 1 | |||
| Catalonia | 178 | 2. 3. 4 | 2 | 14 | 2 | 48 |
| Com. Valencian | 39 | 39 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 24 |
| Extremadura | 4 | 5 | 1 | |||
| Galicia | 4 | 7 | 3 | |||
| Madrid | 103 | 126 | 2 | 2 | 52 | |
| Murcia | 8 | 8 | 1 | 2 | ||
| Navarre | 14 | 13 | 1 | |||
| Basque Country | 41 | 40 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 12 |
| Rioja | 4 | 1 | ||||
| Ceuta | ||||||
| Melilla | ||||||
| Description | fifteen | |||||
| General | 493 | 615 | 13 | 24 | 10 | 191 |
| Empty cells correspond to zero cases. Source: National Center of Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Public Health, May 2024. | ||||||
Reporting indicators (per 100·000 inhabitants) the largest corresponds to:
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The presence of viremia in locations and during periods of mosquito vector activity makes autochthonous transmission possible. On the other hand, the magnitude of the number of imported cases may fluctuate significantly from year to year depending on the intensity of virus circulation in areas with which Spain has a large volume of human movement (due to tourism). or family visits).
It is expected that new cases of disease transmission by local vectors will be identified in subsequent seasons. Preventative measures vary in transmission risk depending on the presence or absence of the mosquito vector and focus on mosquito control, bite prevention and early detection of cases during the viremic period, and prevention of sexual transmission (Zika).
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More information on this website
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Bibliographical references and recommended references
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